“FREE TALK WORLDWIDE” BY: MOROL MD.ELIUS HOSSAIN

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Free Talk Worldwide
Thursday, July 10, 2008
Saint Martins Island
St. Martins Island is the most beautiful Coral Island where you will find live corals. Its only 30 km from Teknaf and you can go there by local motorboat, tourist boats, or sea truck.
This small coral island about 10km (6mi) southwest of the southern tip of the mainland is a tropical cliché, with beaches fringed with coconut palms and bountiful marine life. There’s nothing more strenuous to do here than soak up the rays, but it’s a clean and peaceful place without even a mosquito to disrupt your serenity.
It’s possible to walk around the island in a day because it measures only 8 sq km (3 sq mi), shrinking to about 5 sq km (2 sq mi) during high tide. Most of island’s 5500 inhabitants live primarily from fishing, and between October and April fisher people from neighboring areas bring their catch to the island’s temporary wholesale market.
In this Island, you will find the beautiful Coral reef and long Coral beach and lots of coconut trees. The local name of the coconut is Narikel and the original name of this Island is Narikel Jinjira is derived from that. Accommodation in St. Martins Island is limited, so it is advisable to book accommodation before you plan to go to this Island. Motel Nijhum is one of the best hotels in St. Martins Island. To book in Motel Nijhum, confirm you reservation from Dhaka. You will hardly get a chance to stay in this hotel if you are a sudden visitor of St. Martins Island. The other good hotels are Prashad Paradise & Sraboni Bilash.
Booking of these hotels are also possible from Dhaka. All these three hotels are situated adjacent to Seashore. From these hotels lobby or veranda, you can enjoy the Sea. There are some other motels and hotels established in St. Martins Island.
Overnight staying in St. Martins Island is really an exotic feeling where you will feel and listen the sound of Sea. If you are lucky enough then you can spend the exotic moonlit night at St. Martins Island. The beauty of Full moon in St. Martins Island cannot be expressed, if you are not there at that time. Cheera-dwip is a part of St. Martins Island but divided during tides. You can go to Cheera-dwip by walking. About two and a half hours walk from St. Martins Island or you can go there also by local motorboat or tourist boat. In that Island you will find the Corals – living and dead all over the Island. A small bush is there which in the only green part of Cheera-dwip, enhancing the beauty of this island. People do not live in this Island, so advisable for the tourists to go there early and come back by afternoon.
Nijhum Island
This Island could be the next prime tourist spot after St. Martins Island. It’s a natural beauty of mangrove forests where you will find Dears of specific species and Monkeys. A huge numbers of migrated birds come in this Island in winter season, enhancing the beauty of this Island. The communication is not excellent but if some one wishes to bear the trouble to go to this Island, he will be enchant to see the beauty of this Island. You can go to this Island either from Dhaka or from Chittagong.
From Chittagong first you will to go Hatia Island by Motor boat or Ship and from there you can go to Nijhum Island by local motor boat. From Dhaka you can go Tomzuddion by launch from Sadarghat launch terminal. From there you can go to Nijhum Island by local motorboat. Accommodation is very limited for the tourists in this Island. You can take foods from local restaurants but be careful about the quality of foods. If you can take prior permission for forest department then you can stay in forest rest house in Nijhum Island. Another possibility for accommodation is in District Parishod Guest house. If you take the permission from Thana administration (TNO) of Hatia you can also stay in the District Parishod Guest house. For the adventure seekers Nijhum Island could be one of the greatest experience of journey and it will be a memorable enjoyment to stay and pass some days in this isolated Island.
Shipon at 7:18 AM No comments:

Shipon at 6:27 AM No comments:

Mother Language Day!
21 February was proclaimed the International Mother Language Day by UNESCO on 17 November 1999. Its observance was also formally recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution establishing 2008 as the International Year of Languages.
International Mother Language Day originated as the international recognition of Language Movement Day, which has been commemorated in Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan) since 1952, when a number of Bangladeshi university students were killed by the East Pakistan police and army in Dhaka.
International Mother Language Day is observed yearly by UNESCO member states and at its headquarters to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism.
In August 1947, a new state called Pakistan, comprising two far-flung wings in the west and east, separated by 1600 kilometers of foreign territory, emerged on the world map. The ideological basis of that strange phenomenon was the absurd and pernicious two nation theory of Mr. Jinnah that ignored such basic elements as language and culture and considered religion as a bond strong and sufficient enough to transform a people into a nation.
The language of the people of eastern wing of Pakistan, and they were the majority, was Bangla. It had a rich tradition of literature of over a thousand years. The Bangalees also had a highly developed culture that had little in common with the culture of the people of western wing of Pakistan. The Bangalees’ love for and attachment to their language and culture were great and when in 1952 the neo-colonial, power-hungry, arrogant rulers of Pakistan declared that ‘Urdu and Urdu alone would be the state language of Pakistan, they sowed the seed of its future disintegration.
The people of the then East Pakistan, particularly the students, rose in angry protest against the vicious undemocratic designs of the government. Those designs really amounted to the destruction of Bangla language and culture and imposition of the language and culture of the people of western wing on the people of eastern wing. The reaction was strong and spontaneous.
The government decided to quell protests by brute force. The police opened fire on 21st February 1952 on unarmed peaceful protesters, most of whom were students, resulting in the death, among others, of Rafiq, Barkat, Jabbar and Salam. As the news of those deaths spread, the entire people of the eastern wing felt greatly involved emotionally. Those who lost their lives to uphold the prestige defend the rights of their mother-language became hallowed martyrs.
Their sacrifice at once tragic glorious and the indignation of the people against an autocratic government had far reaching effect. 21st February became a symbol and attained mythic properties, it nourished the concepts of democracy and secularism. It also contributed significantly to the flowering of Bangalee nationalism. It led to the dawning of the realization in the minds of the Bangalees that they constituted a separate nation and their destiny lay not with Pakistan but elsewhere as an independent country. The subsequent democratic mass movements of the late fifties, throughout the sixties and the seventies, and finally the struggle for independence and the war of liberation owed a great deal to 21st February.
From 1953 onwards, starting from 21st February 1953, the immortal 21st February has been observed as a great national event all over Bangladesh, and also beyond the frontiers of Bangladesh: in several places of India, UK, USA, Canada and elsewhere, wherever there is a sizeable concentration of Bangla speaking people. Yet so long, it has been mainly a national event of Bangladesh. But with the declaration of 21st February as the International Mother Language Day, it has transcended the national borders of Bangladesh and acquired an international significance and a global dimension.
At the initiative of the United Nations and its various organs, a number of specific days have been declared over the years as international days for observance by the people of the whole world. All these days highlight some values, events and issues and are intended to generate a healthy awareness in the people of the world about them with the ultimate aim of making this world a better place to live in for the entire human population. Thus we have the international literacy day, international women’s day. international children’s day, the international day for eradication of racial discrimination, international day for ensuring pure drinking water, international habitat day, international day for preservation of environment and many others.
Some of these international days are linked with certain specific events that took place in some specific countries. While observing these days, the people of the world recall those events and those countries as a matter of course. The world is thus brought closer providing peoples of the world with the chance to get out of their insularity.
International Mother Language Day is particularly significant in the sense that it has a cultural importance. From now on, 21st February — so long observed in Bangladesh as the Bangla Language Martyrs’ Day — will be observed here simultaneously as the Bangla Language Martyrs’ Day and the International Mother Language Day. And in nearly 200 countries of the world, various peoples speaking various languages and belonging to various national cultures will observe 21st February as the International Mother Language Day. They will naturally celebrate their own mother languages, but while doing so, it is more than likely that they will refer to Bangladesh and the Language Movement launched by her people that reached a climactic point on 21st February 1952.
The declaration made by the UNESCO in November 1999 designating 21st February as the International Mother Language Day has placed Bangladesh on the cultural map of the world with a highly positive image. We, people of Bangladesh, should now do all that we can to further develop our mother language Bangla in all branches of knowledge so that it can play a worthy role in the community of world languages. We shall love, cherish and promote Bangla, our own mother language, but we shall not indulged in any kind of chauvinism.
While devotedly serving our own language, we shall respect the languages of all the peoples of the world make 21st February – The International Mother Language Day – a great day, to be observed worldwide in the new century and the millennium that we have recently stepped into. Long live 21st February the International Mother Language Day!
Shipon at 6:25 AM No comments:

News paper’s of Bangladesh

http://www.ittefaq.com/

http://www.shamokal.com/
http://www.jaijaidin.com/
http://www.dailynayadiganta.com/
http://www.jugantor.com/
http://www.dailyjanakantha.com/
http://www.amardeshbd.com/
http://www.amadershomoy.com/
http://www.manabzamin.net/
http://www.daily-dinkal.com/
http://www.bhorerkagoj.net/
http://www.dailysangram.com/
http://www.karatoa.net/
http://www.khaborerantorale.com/
http://www.akhonsamoy.com/
http://www.dainikdestiny.com/

English News paper’s
http://www.bangladesh-web.com/
http://www.bangladeshobserveronline.com/
http://www.thebangladeshtoday.com/
http://www.thedailystar.net/
http://www.purbanchal.com/
http://www.newagebd.com/
http://www.theindependent-bd.com/
http://www.comjagat.com/

Shipon at 5:20 AM No comments:

Wednesday, July 9, 2008
cox’s bazar

Shipon at 9:20 PM No comments:

Position of Comilla
The upazilas are comilla sadar, barura, chandina, daudkandi, laksham, brahmanpara, burichang, chauddagram, debidwar, homna, muradnagar and nangalkot
Go to Comilla district
Comilla District (chittagong division) with an area of 3085.17 sq km, is bounded by brahmanbaria and narayanganj districts on the north, noakhali and feni districts on the south, Tripura (state of India) on the east, munshiganj and chandpur districts on the west. Annual average temperature maximum 34.3°C, minimum 12.7°C; annual rainfall 2551 mm. Main rivers are meghna, gumti and dakatia.
Comilla (Town) stands on the bank of the Gumti river. It consists of 18 wards and 46 mahallas. It has an area of 11.47 sq km and a population of 168378; male 52.56%, female 47.44%. Literacy rate among the town people is 60.3%. In the suburb there exists the Commonwealth War Cemetery Memorials, Muktajuddha Museum at Mainamati Cantonment and bangladesh academy for rural development, Mainamati Museum, Comilla Cadet College at Courtbari. Comilla Town is blessed with the memories of national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam. Nazrul Islam married twice in life, one at Daulatpur of Muradnagar upazila of the district and the other at Comilla Town. Those places have been marked with memorial plates. Poet Rabindranath Tagore visited Comilla twice. Ustad Muhammad Hussain, Fazle Nizami and Kulendu Das have enriched the cultural heritage of the town. Ustad Ayet Ali Khan established a musical institute here.
Administration The Comilla region was once under ancient Samatat and was joined with Tripura State. This district came under the reign of the kings of the Harikela in the ninth century AD. Lalmai Mainamati was ruled by Deva dynasty (eighth century AD), and Chandra dynasty (during tenth and mid eleventh century AD). It came under the rule of East India Company in 1765. This district was established as Tripura district in 1790. It was renamed Comilla in 1960. Chandpur and Brahmanbaria subdivisions of this district were transformed into districts in 1984. Comilla district has 5 municipalities, 54 wards, 148 mahallas, 12 upazilas, 1 thana, 180 union parishads, 2704 mouzas and 3624 villages. The upazilas are comilla sadar, barura, chandina, daudkandi, laksham, brahmanpara, burichang, chauddagram, debidwar, homna, muradnagar and nangalkot; the municipalities are Comilla Sadar, Barura, Chandina, Daudkandi and Laksham.
Comilla District:Map
Archaeological heritage and relics Marks of rich ancient civilization have been found in Lalmai Mainamati hills. In these hills there are plenty of archaeological sites including Shalvan Vihara, Kutila Mura, Charandra Mura, Rupban Mura, Itakhola Mura, Satera Ratna Mura, Ranir Banglar Pahar, Ananda Bazar Palaces, palaces of Bhoj King, Chandi Mura, etc. Various archaeological relics including images and metalled utensils discovered from these viharas, muras and palaces are now preserved in the Mainamati Museum. Other archaeological heritage and relics include Saptaratna Mandir (Jagannath Mandir), Shah Suja Mosque, Dharmasagar, Chandimata Mandir (on the top of Lalmai Hill of Barura), Chandala Shiva Mandir (Brahmanpara, eighteenth century), Saitshala Jami Mosque (Brahmanpara, 1719), Mazars of Panch Pir (five saints) at Shashidal (Brahmanpara, 1815), Harimangal Math (Brahmanpara, 1822), Ramnagar elongated Math (Brahmanpara, 1705), Saitshala Rammahan Mandir (Brahmanpara, 1805), Hasnabad Math and Hatiabhanga Fort (Daudkandi).
Historical events Peasants Movement against the king of Tripura in 1764 under the leadership of Samsher Gazi is a notable historical event. Communal tension spread over Comilla when a Muslim was shot at Comilla town during the partiition of bengal in 1905. During the preparation of a countrywide hartal on 21 November 1921, protesting the visit of India by Prince of Wales, Kazi Nazrul Islam composed patriotic songs and tried to awaken the town people. During this time Avay Ashram, as a revolutionary institution, played significant role. Poet Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi visited Comilla at that time. In 1931, the British Gurkha soldiers fired indiscriminately and killed four persons of village Mohini of Chauddagram upazila when about four thousand peasants of this village revolted against paying land revenue. In a huge peasant gathering the police fired at Hasnabad of Laksham Upazila in 1932. Two persons were killed and many wounded in this firing.
Marks of the War of Liberation Mass killing site: 5, Laksham, Comilla Cantonment, Homna, Beltali and Rasulpur; mass graves at Betiara, Muzaffarganj, Nagaripara, Cantonment, Krishnapur, Dhananjay, Dilabad and Laksham Bidi Factory; memorials at Comilla Victoria College, Betiara, Police Line, Cantonment, Laksham, Polytechnic Institution and Haratali.
Population 4586879; male 49.33%, female 50.61%; Muslim 93.85%, Hindu 5.9%, Buddhist 0.13%, Christian 0.03% and others 0.09%. Ethnic nationals: Tipra and Rishi (characteristically Mongalite), on the border of Tripura State.
Religious institutions Mosque 5802, temple 178, church 2 and buddhist vihara 5, most noted Shahsuja Mosque, Tomb of Hazrat Ainuddin Shah, Chandi Mura (Hindu sacred place).
Literacy and educational institutions Average literacy 33.1%; male 40.2% and female 26%. Educational institutions: university college 4, private university 1, medical college 1, teacher’s training college 2, law college 1, government college 11, non-government college 56, polytechnic institute 1, para medical institute 1, homeopath college 1, cooperative college 1, government commerce college 1, government high school 9, non-government high school 444, junior high school 66, government primary school 1334, non-government primary school 799, survey institute 1, primary education training institute 1, nursing training centre 1, blind and deaf school 1. Noted educational institutions: Comilla Victoria University College (1899), Comilla Zila School (1837), Comilla High School (1842), Fazilatunnesa Government Girls’ High School (1873), Comilla Cadet College, Shashidal Union High School (1890), Chandana K B High School (1920), Madhavpur Sheikhlal High School (1911), Burichang Ananda Pilot High School (1925), Chandina Pilot High School (1916), Chauddagram H J Pilot High School (1921), Eliotganj R B High School (1908), Raipur K C High School (1912), Barpara Girls’ High School (1919), Debidwar Reazuddin High School (1918), Homna Pilot High School (1929), Bhangara High School (1887), Ramchandrapur High School (1918), Sreekail College (1942).
Cultural organisations Club 4, museum 2, theatre group 4, theatre stage 2, cultural group 4, literary society 10, recitation organisation 6.
Locally published newspapers and periodicals Daily Rupasi Bangla (1972), Weekly Amod (1955), Abibhadan (1994), Natunpatra, Samayatra (1967), Daily Comilla Batra, Daily Bangladesh Sangbad, Monthly Manan, Pathakbatra, Shiranam, Weekly Laksham Batra, Weelky Nirakkhar. Extinct: Tripura Patrika (1876), Tripura (1932), Weekly Hindu (1941), Tripura Guide (1934), Natun Alo, Pratinidhi, Tripura Hitoshi (1883), Rayatbandhu (1921), Niamat (1940), Sabuj Bangla, Tripura Gyan Prakashani (1860), Tripura Bandhav (1942), Kathak (1983), Rangdhanu, Najat, Abahaman, Daradi (1938), Yogisammalani (1912), Comilla Sahitya Parishad Patrika (1985), Mainamati (1965), Purbasha, Shikhak Sruida, Alo, Chirkut (1974), Robi (1924), Tarun (1938), Samskriti (1940), Jagriti (1951), Apan and Parichaya.
Main occupations Agriculture 43.28%, commerce 11.6%, service 10.78%, transport 3.36%, agricultural labourer 15.89%, wage labourer 2.46%, construction 1.03%, and others 11.6%.
Land use Total cultivable land 243596.93 hectares; single crop 18.05%, double crop 63.99% and treble crop land 17.96%.
Land control Among the peasants 30% are landless, 46% small, 20% intermediate and 4% rich.
Value of land The market value of the land of the first grade is 13500 Taka per 0.01 hectare.
Main crops Paddy, jute, wheat, mustard seed, brinjal.
Extinct or nearly extinct crops Linseed, sesame, sweet potato, china and kaun.
Main fruits Mango, jackfruit, banana, coconut, palm, guava and blackberry.
Fisheries, dairies, poultries Dairy 28, poultry 109, fishery 27, hatchery 69, nursery 200.
Communication facilities Roads: pucca 1219 km, mud road 587 km; railways 108 km; airport 1.
Traditional transport Palanquin, horse carriage, bullock cart, dhuri and bhari. These means of transport are either extinct or nearly extinct.
Manufactories In the second half of the eighteenth century east india company established a large cotton mill at Charpata on the south of the district. Cotton cloths were exported to other districts in those days. At present Comilla Khaddar is famous in the country. Manufactories include textile mills: Halima Textile Mills; iron and steel factory: Mozaher Cooperative Mills, Radharani Manufacturing Works, Qayum Steel Mills Ltd.; pharmaceuticals- Skylab, Comilla Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Sharma Chemical (extinct), Arco Industry.
Cottage industries Comilla is noted for potteries of Bijoypur. Other cottage industries include bamboo and cane works, Shital Pati, hooka, and madur (mat) made of murta tree.
Main hats, bazars and fairs Most noted hats, bazars and fairs (Mela) are Dulalpur, Companyganj, Rajganj, Bibir Bazar, Daulatganj, Chandina, Gunabati Bazar, Homna, Ramchandrapur, Bangshanagar, Chauddagram, Govindapur, Monipur, Chandimura, Madhavpur, Mohanpur, Rasulpur, Syedpur, Madhaya, Eliotganj, Baroikandi, Changini Bazar, Chawkbazar, Mainamati Mela, Punra Mela, Chandala Mela, Baira Mela, Betakhali Mela.
Main exports natural gas, khaddar cloth, coconut, dry chilly, dry fish, egg, poultries and potteries.
Mineral resources natural gas (Bakharabad in Sreekail).
NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are brac, CARE, asa, proshika, grameen bank, Sheba, Pages, adab.
Health centres Medical college hospital 1, zila sadar hospital 1, police hospital 1, district hospital 1, upazila health complex 12, military hospital 1, diabetic hospital 1, tuberculosis hospital 1, modern hospital 2, charitable dispensary 26, maternity and child welfare centre 2, rural health centre 2, leprosy hospital 1. [Mamun Siddiqi]
Shipon at 9:15 PM No comments:

Position of Khulna
The upazilas are batiaghata, dacope, dumuria, dighalia, koyra, paikgachha, phultala, rupsa, terokhada;
Go to Khulna district
Khulna District (khulna division) with an area of 4394.46 sq km, is bounded by jessore and narail districts on the north, the bay of bengal on the south, bagerhat district on the east, satkhira district on the west. Annual average temperature is 35.5°C and lowest 12.5°C; annual rainfall is 1710 mm. The main rivers are Rupsa-Pasur, Bhairab, Shibsha, Dharla, Bhadra, Ball, and Kobadak. Forest: sundarbans (166814 hectares).
Khulna (Town) consists of 38 wards and 183 mahallas (Bangladesh statistical pocket book 2000). The area of the town is 20.60 sq km. It has a population of 773216; male 53.26%, female 46.74%; density of population is 37535 sq km. The literacy rate among the town people is 59.1%.
Administration Khulna district was established on 1882. It consists of 9 upazilas and 5 thanas, 71 union parishads, 2 municipalities, 47 wards, 188 mahallas, 747 mouzas and 1106 villages. The upazilas are batiaghata, dacope, dumuria, dighalia, koyra, paikgachha, phultala, rupsa, terokhada; tahans are khalishpur, khan jahan ali, kotwali, daulatpur, sonadanga.
Historical events 16 December of 1971, Independent Bangladesh was established but Khulna was under the control of Pakistan Army. Next on 17 December as the Pakistani Army surrendered in the Circuit House ground then Khulna got her Independence. Pir Khan Jahan Ali came to preach Islam in this district about 400 years ago. In 1926 Mahatma Gandhi came to Khalishpur to inspire the Swadeshi Movement.
Marks of War of Liberation Sculpture 1 (Bir Bangali), Monument 5, Mass grave 3.
Religious institutions Mosque 1500, Tomb 4, Temple 646, Church 22, Place of pilgrimage 3, Monastery 1.
Khulna District:Map
Population 2334285; male 51.87%, female 48.13%; Muslim 73.49%, Hindu 25.74%, Christian 0.67%, Buddhist 0.04%, and Others 0.06%.
Literacy and educational institutions Average literacy 43.9%; male 52.2%, female 34.6%. Educational institutions: university 1, university college 1, medical college 1, Bangladesh Institute of Technology 1, teacher’s training college 1, regional public administration training institute 1, polytechnic institute 1, vocational institute 1, homeopathic college 1, social welfare training centre 1, madrasa 205, government college 5, non-government college 42, government. secondary school 9, non-government secondary school 248, lower secondary school 107, government primary school 625, non-government primary school 79, community primary school 34, satellite primary school 63, NGO operated school 199, primary teacher’s institution 1.
Newspapers and periodicals Dailies: Tribiun, Janmobhumi, Anirban, Probaho, Purbanchal, Janabarta, Tatthya, Rajpather Davi, Satya Khabar, Hizbullah, Pathaker Kagoz, Juger Sathi, Kalantor, Viswabarta, Mail; Weeklies: Khulna, Rupsa, Padoddhoni, Chhayapath, Ganobani; Periodicals: Purushottomadyuti, Shikar, Padatik. Extinct Periodicals: Agami, Ityadi, Deshkal.
Cultural organisations Club 345, public library 5, museum 1 (Khulna Divisional Archaeological Museum), drama stage 5, cinema hall 21, theatre group 100, magic organisation 3, literary society 15, cultural organisation 20.
Main occupations Agriculture 25.11%, fishing 1.66%, agricultural labourer 11.3%, wage labourer 7.15%, industry 16.38%, transport 4.09%, constructions 1.53%, service 18.93%, others 12.22%.
Value of land The market value of the land of the first grade is around Tk 12000 (per 0.01 hectare).
Main crops Paddy, jute, sesame, betel nut, and vegetable.
Extinct and nearly extinct crops Sesame.
Main fruits Jackfruit, mango, banana.
Fisheries, dairies, and poultries Chingri Gher 3,409, dairy 498, poultry 447, hatchery 348.
Communication facilities Railway 36 km, pucca road 400 km, semi pucca 350 km, mud roads 3575 km; waterways 470 nautical mile.
Traditional transport Palanquin (extinct), horse carriage and bullock cart (nearly extinct), and boats.
Manufactories Paper mill, hard board mill, textile mill, match factory, shipyard, steel mill, cable mill, rice mill, flour mill, ice factory, press mill, saw mill etc.
Cottage industries Handloom, bamboo work, goldsmith, potteries, carpenter, tailoring.
Main exports Paddy, rice, jute, sesame, betel nut, gur, mango, jackfruit, prawn.
NGO activities brac, Care, Prodipan, nijera kari, asa, caritas, Progoti.
Health centres Medical college hospital 1, district sadar hospital 1, upazila health complex 9, TB hospital 1, infectious disease hospital 1, christian missionary hospital 1, salvation army (NGO) hospital 1, chest disease niramoy centre 1, railway hospital at kopilmuni 1, jail hospital 1, police hospital 1. [Sandipak Mallik]
Shipon at 9:12 PM No comments:

Position of Rajshahi
The upazilas are bagha, bagmara, charghat, durgapur, godagari, mohanpur, paba, puthia and tanore;
Go to Rajshahi district
Rajshahi District (rajshahi division) with an area of 2407.01 sq km, is bounded by naogaon district on the north, West Bengal of India, kushtia district and the ganges on the south, natore district on the east and nawabganj district on the west. The region consists of barind tract, Diara and Char lands. Main rivers are padma (Ganges), mahananda, baral and Barnai. Annual average temperature: maximum 37.8°C, minimum 11.2°C; annual rainfall 1862 mm.
Rajshahi (Town) stands on the bank of the river Padma. The area of the Rajshahi Town is 96.69 sq km. It consists of four thanas, 39 wards and 169 mahallas. The town has a population of 383655; male 52.91%, female 47.09%. Density of population is 3968 per sq km (Population Census 2001, Preliminary Report). Rajshahi, which is both a district and a divisional town, was flourished, in the seventeenth century. The district head quarters were transferred to Rajshahi Town from Natore in 1825. Its ancient name was Rampur Boalia. The tomb of Hazrat Shah Makhdum (established in 1634) is located at Dargahpara of the town.
.Many European traders were attracted to this town because of its being a centre of silk production and location by the side of the river Padma; subsequently the Dutch, the French and the English east india company established business houses in the town in phases. The Silk Factory Building established by the Dutch is now known as Barakuthi. Later the East India Company purchased the Kuthibhaban from the Dutch The head quarters of the European Voluntary Regiment was established in the Barakuthi during the sepoy revolt in 1857. At the end of the nineteenth century the zamindar of Medinipur purchased the building from the British. After 1947 it was being used as the godown of the civil supply department. When the Rajshahi University was established in 1953, the Barakuthibhaban was turned into the residence of the Vice Chancellor with other office establishments.There are 14 graves of European persons in a cemetery in front of the Kuthibhaban. A flood protection embankment was established in 1855 to save the town. Shahib Bazar is the main business centre of the town.
Rajshahi District:Map
The old areas of the town are Shahib Bazar, Rani Bazar, Reshampatti, Boalia, Ghoramara, Hatemkhan, Dargahpara and Kumarpara. Because of flourishing silk industry Rajshahi is also called the City of Silk. Rajshahi municipality was established in 1876 and was turned into a City Corporation in 1991.
Administration Rajshahi district was established in 1772. Maldaha, Bogra, Pabna, Natore and Nawabganj districts were established in phases dividing this district. It has one city corporation, 4 thanas, 7 municipalities, 93 wards, 297 mahallas, 9 upazilas, 70 union parishads, 1678 mouzas and 1858 villages. The upazilas are bagha, bagmara, charghat, durgapur, godagari, mohanpur, paba, puthia and tanore; thanas are boalia, rajpara, matihar, shah mokhdum.
Archaeological heritage and relics Two domed Kismat Madia Mosque (eighteenth century), one domed Ruipara (Durgapur) Jami Mosque (sixteenth century), Bagdhani Mosque at Paba upazila, three domed Bhagna Jami Mosque at Tanore upazila (1223 AH), tomb of Hazrat Shah Makhdum (R), tomb of Hazrat Shah Sultan at Godagari upazila (fourteenth century), Bara Kuthi (eighteenth century), Talando Shiva Mandir (1860), Rajbari, Govinda Mandir, Shiva Mandir, Gopal Mandir, and Dolmancha (Putia).
Historical events Rajshahi district was a part of Pundruvardhana of the ancient Vanga. The capital of Vijoy Sen was located 9 miles on the west of Rajshahi town. indigo resistance movement spread over Rajshahi during 1859-60. Seven communist activists were killed at the Khapra ward of Rajshahi Jail when police fired indiscriminately on 24 April 1950. During the mass upsurge in 1969 Dr. Shamsuzzoha of Rajshahi University was killed.
Marks of War of Liberation Mass grave 6, mas killing site 1, memorial monument 4.
Population 2262483; male 51.20%, female 48.807%; Muslim 93%; Hindu 5%, Christian 1.5% and others 0.5%; ethnic nationals: Santal 2.34% of the total population; they have their own language
Religious institutions Mosque 3727, temple 164, church 38 tomb 13 and sacred place 6.
Literacy and educational institutions Average literacy 30.61%; male 37.6% and female 23.2%. Educational institutions: university 1, medical college 1, engineering college 2, college 110, teacher’s training college 2, law college 1, agriculture college 1, physical training college 1, survey institute 1, para medical institute 1, silk research institute 1, homeopath college 1, primary teacher’s training institute 1, nursing institute 1, police academy (sardah) 1, cadet college 1, madrasa 267, high school 393, junior high school 10, government primary school 559, non-government primary school 430, community school 4, KG school 8. Noted educational institutions: Rajshahi College (1873), Rajshahi BB Academy (1898), Rajshahi Medical College (1949), Rajshahi Collegiate School (1928), PN Girl’s High School (1886), Rajshahi Government Madrasa (1874), Diamond Jubilee Industrial School (1898), Sardaha Police Academy (1912), Putia PN Technical High School (1865), Birkudsha Abinash High School (1917, Bagmara upazila), Sreedhar Government Primary School (1857, Durgapur upazila), Godagari High School (1948), Mohanpur Pilot High School (1948), Shitlai, Kharkhari and Naohata Primary School (1885, Paba upazila), Talonda Ananda Mohan High School (1882, Tanore upazila).
Locally published newspapers and periodicals Dailies: Dainik Barta, Dainik Sonali Sangbad, Dainik Sonar Desh, Dainik Prothom Probhat, Dainik Lal Golap, Dainik Upachar, Dainik Padmar Bani, Daily Sun-Shin; weeklies: Dunia, Rajshahi Barta, Ganakhabar, Dharani; Monthly Uttar Janapath; extinct: Hindu Ranjik (1865), Rajshahi Sangbad (1870), Gayanangkur and Pratimva (1872), Rajshahi Samachar, Udbhaban (1872), Chikitsha (1889), Utsaha (1897), Ayetihasik Chitra (1898), Noor-al Iman (1900), Banga Mohila (1915), Palli Bahak (1925), Markab Al Islam (1933), Palli Sakti (1934), Sammilayan (1934), Ektara (1943), Nayajaman (1946); Monthly Shiksha Parichaya.
Cultural organisations Club 386, library 27, museum 2, literary society 7, theatre group 18, cinema hall 20, theatre stage 2, women’s organisation 210, community centre 35, cooperative society 309, shilpakala academy 1 and playground 224. Extinct cultural organisations: Rajshahi Mohamedan Association (1884), Anjuman-e Hemayet Islam (1891), Noor-al-Islam Samaj (1893), Rajshahi District Muslim Education Society (1918), Rajshahi Anjumane Mofidul Islam (1907), Rajshahi Muslim Club (1929).
Main occupations Agriculture 38.73%, agricultural labourer 23.64%, wage labourer 3.50%, commerce 12.44%, service 8.81%, transport 2.36% and others 10.52%.
Land use Total cultivable land 157728.05 hectares; fallow land 73554.03 hectares; single crop 22%, double crop 68% and treble crop land 10%. Cultivable land under irrigation is 56%
Land control Among the peasants, 31% are landless, 47% small, 19% intermediate and 3% rich; cultivable land is 0.07 hectare per head.
Value of land The market value of the land of the first grade is approximately Tk. 7000 per 0.01 hectare.
Main crops Paddy, wheat, jute, sugarcane, turmeric, oil seed, onion, garlic, potato, betel leaf and mulberry plant.
Extinct or nearly extinct crops Linseed, sesame, indigo, mustard seed, sweet potato, kaun, bajra, arahar and aus paddy.
Main fruits Mango, jackfruit, banana, litchi, black berry, coconut, palm and papaya.
Fisheries, dairies, poultries Dairy 156, poultry 177, fishery 1977, hatchery 28 and nursery 12.
Communication facilities Roads: pucca 896 km, semi pucca 686 km and mud road 4726 km; railways 70 km; rail station 13; waterways 91 nautical mile; airport 1.
Traditional transport Palanquin, horse carriage and bullock cart. These means of transport are either extinct or nearly extinct.
Manufactories Silk mill, textile mill, flour and rice mill, cold storage, ice factory, pharmaceuticals, press, aluminum factory, iron mill, match factory, jarda (scented tobacco) factory, plastic industry, metal industries, ice factory, cold storage and welding.
Cottage industries Rajshahi district is famous for the production of cocoon and silk fabrics. Silk Board has been established in Rajshahi in 1977. Other Cottage industries include weaving, bamboo work, cane work, goldsmith, blacksmith, potteries, brass work, wood work, tailoring, etc.
Hats, bazars and fairs Total hats and bazars are 217, most noted of which are Saheb Bazar, Shal Bagan, New Market, Kaliganj, Baneshwar, Taherpur, Narayanpur, Bhabaniganj, Charghat, Durgapur, Godagari, Naohata; fairs 20, most noted of which Rath Mela, Bhaga Eid Mela, Baruni Mela, Mundumala Mela, Kakan Hat Mela, Sultanganj Mela.
Main exports Jute, sugarcane, date molasses, betel leaf, mango, litchi, catechu, silk sari, silk fabrics and various industrial products.
NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are brac, CARE, asa, grameen bank, proshika, caritas, thengamara mahila sabuj sangha.
Health centres Medical college hospital 1, zila sadar hospital, diabetic hospital 1, heart foundation hospital 1, police hospital 1, railway hospital 1, leprosy hospital 1, prison hospital 1, TB hospital 1, TB clinic 1, triteness hospital 1, eye hospital 1, upazila health complex 9, health & family welfare centre 77, maternity and child welfare centre 1, veterinary hospital 1, and satellite clinic 88. [Md. Mahbubar Rahman]
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Position of Barisal
The upazilas are agailjhara, babuganj, bakerganj, banaripara, gournadi, hizla, barisal sadar, mehendiganj, muladi, wazirpur.
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Barisal District (barisal division) with an area of 2790.51 sq km is bounded by madaripur, shariatpur, chandpur and lakshmipur districts on the north, patuakhali, barguna and jhalokati districts on the south, bhola and Lakshmipur districts on the east, Jhalokati, pirojpur and gopalganj districts on the west. Annual average temperature: maximum 35.1° C, minimum 12.1°C; annual rainfall 1955 mm. Noted rivers are lower meghna, arial khan, katcha, kirtankhola, tentulia, Naya Bhanga, Jayanti, Shwarupkathi and Amtali.
Barisal (Town) consists of 30 wards and 50 mahallas. The area of the town is 16.37 sq km. Barisal municipality was established in 1957 and was turned into a city corporation in 2000. It has a population of 202242; male 53.28%, female 46.72%. Literacy rate among the town people is 65%. The town has three dakbungalows and six police outposts.
Barisal District:Map
Archaeological heritage and relics Rammohan Samadhi Mandir, Sujabad Kella, Sangram Kella, Sharkal Fort, Girja Mahalla, Bell’s Park, Ebadullah Mosque, Kasai Mosque, Oxford Church, Shankar Math, Kali Bari of Mukunda Das, Joint Mosque at Bhatikhana, aswini kumar town hall, Charkella, durgasagar Dighi, one domed Mosque (Kasba), brass image of Manasa weighing three maunds (Char Bania Bari).
Historical events Ancient name of Barisal was chandradvipa. The capital of this kingdom was at Bakla. The founder of the kingdom was Danuj Madhav or Danuj Mardhan Dev.
Marks of the War of Liberation Mass killing site 3, mass grave 2, sculpture 2, memorial 4.
Population 2330960; male 49.99%, female 50.01%; Muslim 86.19%; Hindu 13.10%, Christian 0.63% and others 0.08%.
Literacy and educational institutions Average literacy 42.9%; male 47.9%, female 37.9%. Educational institutions: university college 1, polytechnic institute 1, medical college 1, physical education college 1, teacher’s training college 2, nursing institute 1, cadet college 1, government college 7, non-government college 39, government high school 4, non-government high school 312, junior school 33, government primary school 1204, non-government primary school 412, madrasa 698, cadet school 5, kindergarten 11, music school 2. Noted educational institutions: sher-e-bangla medical college and Hospital, b m college (1889), Oxford Mission High School, Barisal Zila School, Banaripara Union Institution (1889), Pinglakathi Government Model Primary School (1882), Bheduriarchar Government Primary School (1892).
Religious institutions Mosque 3941, temple 805, church 44, tomb 5.
Cultural organisations Club 269, public library 12, cinema hall 14, theatre group 18, jatra party 2, circus party 4, literary society 6, woman’s organisation 20, shilpakala academy 1, playground 133, Nazrul Academy 1.
Locally published newspapers and periodicals Dailies: Shahnama, Probashi, Gram Samachar, Ajker Barta, Rupantar Sathi, Saikot Barta, Darpan, Dipanchal, Ajker Kantha; periodicals: weekly Lokabani, Bakerganj Parikrama, Chirantan Bangla, Upakul, periodicals Paira, the River, Etibriti, Khadem, Chirantan Bangla, Upakul, Samachar, Gournadi Parikrama; extinct; Barisal Bartabaha (1870), Hitasadhini (1871), Banglar Ranjika (1873), Kashipur Nibasi (1881), Swadesh (1885), Bharat Hitoishi (1882), Barisal Hiroishi (1885), Bikash (1900), Sahayogi (1885), Praddip (1927), Tarun (1923), Pathik (1925), Bahumihir (1926), Protiva Tangim (1949), Parimal Bahini (1859).
Main occupations Agriculture 35.28%, agricultural labourer 18.76%, wage labourer 4.16%, commerce 13.89%, service 10.64%, fishing 3.45%, construction 1.25%, transport 1.72% and others 10.85%.
Land use Cultivable land 178601 hectares; fallow land 5785.4 hectares; single crop 37.68%, double crop 48.80% and treble crop land 13.52%.
Land value Market value of land of the first grade is approximately 10000 per 0.01 hectare.
Main crops Paddy, jute, oil seed, betel leaf, onion, sugarcane.
Extinct or nearly extinct crops Aus paddy, china.
Main fruits Mango, jackfuit, banana, coconut, litchi, betel nut, black berry, guava, amra.
Dairies, poultries, fisheries Poultry 791, dairy 126, fishery 712, hatchery 20.
Communication facilities Roads: pucca 362.5 km, semi pucca road 378 km, mud road 3133 km; waterways 355 nautical miles; airport 1.
Traditional transport Palanquin, horse carriage, bullock cart, Gaina boat. These means of transport are either extinct or nearly extinct.
Manufactories Jute mill, textile mill, pharmaceutical industry, biscuit factory, flour mill, oil mill, ice factory, rice mill.
Cottage industries Weaving, bamboo works, goldsmith, blacksmith, potteries, wood work, tailoring, welding, bidi.
Hats, bazars and fairs Total number of hats and bazars are 272; fair 32, most noted of which are Aratdari Hat, Chawkbazar, Patar Hat, Ulania Hat, Lakhutia Bazar, Torki Bazar, Kasba Cattle Market, Shaheber Hat, Chawkbazar, Suryamonir Mela, Kodaldoa Baruni Mela.
Main exports Paddy, fish, shital pati, betel leaf, guava, coconut, betel nut and amra.
NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are brac, CARE, asa, caritas, proshika, grameen bank, BDS.
Health centres Medical college hospital, 1, private hospital 7, upazila health complex 11, private clinic 6, union health and family planning centre 75, family welfare centre 37, satellite clinic 32. [KAM Saiful Islam]
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Position of Chittagong
The upazilas are anwara, banshkhali, boalkhali, chandanaish, fatikchhari, hathazari, lohagara, mirsharai, patiya, rangunia, raozan, sandwip, satkania and sitakunda.
Go to chittagong district
Chittagong District (chittagong division) with an area of 5282.98 sq km, is bounded by feni district and Tripura (Indian state) on the north, cox’s bazar district on the south, bandarban, rangamati and khagrachhari districts on the east and noakhali district and the bay of bengal on the west. Chittagong District is quite different from other districts for its unique natural beauty characterised by hills, rivers, sea, forests and valleys. Annual average temperature maximum 32.5°C, minimum 13.5°C, total annual rainfall 2687 mm. Main rivers are karnafuli, halda and sangu.
Chittagong (Town) consists of six thanas, 68 wards and 236 mahallas. It has an area of 209.66 sq km. The town has a population 3202000; male 54.37% and female 45.63%; population density per sq km 15272. The main seaport of Bangladesh is located at the estuary of the Karnafuli river. Chittagong is also called the commercial capital of Bangladesh. Interesting places of the city include Batali Hill (87.5 m in height), War Cemetery, Patenga Sea Beach, foy’s lake, etc. The first Export Processing Zone (1983) of Bangladesh is situated here. Chittagong Municipal Committee was established in 1860. At present, it has been turned into Chittagong City Corporation.
Administration Chittagong district was established in 1666 including three hill districts. The district of Chittagong Hill Tracts was established in 1860 with the hill region of the district. Later, Chittagong district was further divided into Chittagong and Cox’s Bazar districts. The district consists of one city corporation, seven municipalities, six thanas, 20 upazilas, 197 union parishads and 1,319 villages. The upazilas are anwara, banshkhali, boalkhali, chandanaish, fatikchhari, hathazari, lohagara, mirsharai, patiya, rangunia, raozan, sandwip, satkania and sitakunda. The thanas are chandgaon, Bandar thana (chittagong port) , double mooring, kotwali, pahartali and panchlaish.
Chittagong District:Map
Archaeological heritage and relics Bronze statues (8th and 9th centuries, in Anwara upazila), Fakira Mosque (Hathazari), Musa Khan Mosque (1658), Kura Katni Mosque (1806), Kala Mosque (16th century), Chhuti Khan Mosque (Mirsharai), Kadam Mobarak Mosque (1719), Andar Killah Mosque, Wali Khan Mosque (1790), Badar Awlia Dargah, Bakshi Hamid Mosque of Banshkhali (1568), Chittagong Court Building (1893), Collegiate School, Ethnological Museum (1974).
Historical events Chittagong had been a sea port since the ancient time. The Arab traders had business transactions with this port since 9th century AD. Chittagong region was under the kingdom of Arakan during sixth and seventh centuries. Before the Muslim rule Chittagong had been either under the control of the Arakans or under the kings of Burma. Sultan Fakruddin Mubarak Shah of Sonargaon conquered Chittagong in 1340. After the defeat of Sultan Giasuddin Mahmud Shah in the hands of Sher Shah in1538, the Arakanise again captured Chittagong. From this time onward until its conquest by the Mughals this region was under the control of the Portuguese and the Magh pirates. The Mughal Commandar Bujurg Umed Khan expelled the Portuguese from the area in 1666 and established Mughal rule there. The Mughals renamed Chittagong as Islamabad.
On 18th April 1930, the revolutionaries looted the Chittagong armoury under the leadership of Mastarda surya sen. During this time the leaders of the women revolutionaries were pritilata waddedar, Bina Das, Lila Ray, Kalpana Dutta etc. The Declaration of Independence of Bangladesh was announced from swadhin bangla betar kendra located at Kalurghat.
Marks of the War of Liberation Mass graves and mass killing sites: Foy’s Lake, Lalkhan Bazar, hilly area adjacent to Firoz Shah Colony, Kattoli Beach, CRB area, hills on the east of Sher Shah Colony, Patenga Air Port, hills around Nasirabad Residential Area and many other places.
Religious institutions Mosque 7140, tomb 220, temple 1,206, church 8 and sacred place 1 the most noted of which are Chuti Khan Mosque, Daulat Bibir Mosque, Mahadia Mosque, Noi Duari Mosque, Hamidullah Khan Mosque, tomb of Shah Jadeh (R), three domed Khan Mosque (Dohazari and Baghica Hat), tombs of Hazrat Shah Amanat (R), Hazrat Bayazid Bostami (R), Mohsen Awlia, Goribullah Shah (R), Hajrat Shah Pir Awlia, Baro Awlia (Sitakunda), Miskin (R), Akbaria Jami Mosque, Nasrat Shah Jami Mosque, Jagannath Mandir (Abu Torab Bazar), World Peace Pagoda (Hathazari), Sitakunda Shankar Math, Dharmo Chakro Buddho Vihara, Koriya Nagar and Sonakania Buddho Viharas, Chandranath Temple Hill, etc.
Population 6545078; male 52.16%, female 47.84%; Muslim 83.92%, Hindu 13.76%; Buddhist 2.01%, Christian 0.11% and others 0.2%.
Literacy and educational institutions Average literacy 43.2%; male 50.3%, female 35%. Educational institutions: university 3, medical college 2, Bangladesh institute of technology 1, college of physical education 1, teachers training college 1, regional public administration institute 1, polytechnic institute 1, homeopathy college 2, nursing institute 1, forest research institute 1, veterinary college 1, home economics college 1, Bangladesh military academy 1, vocational institute 1, law college 2, art college 1, marine academy 1, marine fisheries academy 1, cadet college 1, madrasa 217, college 103, high school 574, junior school 4 and primary school 2,240. Noted educational institutions: Chittagong University (1961), Dr. Khastagir Government Girls’ School, Ispahani School and College, Nasirabad Government High School, Chittagong City College, Chittagong College, Chittagong Commerce College, Mohsin College, Chittagong Collegiate School, North Amirabad High School (1932), Patiya Ideal High School (1845), Abdus Sobhan Rahat Ali High School (1914), Shah Chand Awlia Alia Madrassa (1928), Fouzdarhat Cadet College (1958), Rangunia Ideal Multipurpose Pilot High School (1915), Satkania Ideal Pilot High School (1902), Garangia Islamia Kamil Madrassa (1920), Ramgati Ramdhan Abdul Bari Chowdhury High School (1898), Banigram Primary School (1881).
Locally published newspapers and periodicals Present: Daily Azadi, Daily Purbokon, Daily Life, Daily Karnafuli, Weekly Chattala; extinct: Monthly Sanshodhani, Purobi, Mukulika, Simanto; Weekly Jyoti, Weekly Sultan, Daily Jyoti, Daily Rashtrobarta, Daily East Pakistan and Daily Azan.
Main occupations Agriculture 18.71%, fishing 1.16%, agricultural labourer 12.13%, wage labourer 3.54%, industry 1.72%, commerce 16.58%, transport 4.52%, construction 1.43%, service 24.09% and others 16.12%.
Land use Total cultivable land 223782.40 hectares; fallow land (wetland) 115901.25 hectares; forest 162082.56 hectares; hilly area 172759.21 hectares; single crop 29%, double crop 54% and treble crop 17%; cultivable land under irrigation 34.18%.
Land control Among the peasants 25% are landless, 27% small, 15% intermediate, 3% rich and 30% marginal; cultivable land per head 0.04 hectare.
Value of land The market value of the land of the first grade is approximately Tk. 17000 per 0.01 hactare.
Main crops Paddy, betelleaf, potato, corn, turmeric, tea, peanut, mustard, patol (heap), brinjal, ginger, cucumber and vegetables.
Extinct or nearly extinct crops Local varieties of rice.
Main fruits Mango, jackfruit, guava, coconut, betel nut, palm, litchi, banana, papaya, watermelon and lemon.
Fisheries, dairies, poultries Dairy 1637, poultry 3257, hatchery (fishery) 7; dry fish work in the coastal areas of Anwara, Patiya, Cornel hut and Banshkhali.
Communication facilities Roads: pucca 985.32 km, semi pucca 912.87 km, mud road 6534 km; railways 146 km; waterways 67 nautical mile; airport 1.
Traditional transport Palanquin, horse carriage and bullock cart. These means of transport are either extinct or nearly extinct.
Manufactories Major manufactories include Eastern Refinery, Pahartali Railway Workshops, Fouzi Flour mill, Jamuna Oil Company, Glaxo Welcome, Lever Brothers, KDS Garments etc.
Main exports Tea, leather, dried fish and readymade garments.
NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are caritas, YMCA, brac, FPAB, NGO forum for DWSS, ucep, proshika, asa, nijera kari, CODEC, Mamta, Love the Children Foundation, Sheba Shango, IMAGE, Chittagong Anti-drug Abuse Society, CWFP, Bita, Prottashi, Palli Progati Sangstha, Grammen Projukti (technical) Kendra, Bangladesh Samaj Unnayan Sangstha, SDI, Bangladesh Nari Pragati Sangha, Gana Unnayan Prachesta.
Health centres Medical college hospital 1, general hospital 1, upazila health complex 15, family welfare centre 112, TB hospital 1, infectious disease hospital 1, diabetic hospital 1, mother and children hospital 4, police hospital 1, jail hospital 1 and Bandar (port) hospital 1. [Jasim Uddin Harun]
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Position of Gazipur
The upazilas are gazipur sadar, kaliakair, kaliganj, kapasia and sreepur
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Gazipur District (dhaka division) with an area of 1741.53 sq km, is bounded by mymensingh and kishoreganj districts on the north, dhaka, narayanganj and narsingdi districts on the south, Narsingdi on the east, Dhaka and tangail districts on the west. Annual average temperature maximum 36°C and minimum 12.7°C; annual rainfall 2376 mm. Main rivers: old brahmaputra, shitalakshya, turag, bangshi, balu, banar.
Gazipur (Town) consists of 9 wards and 31 mahallas. The area of the town is 49.32 sq km. The town has a population of 123531; male 52.52%, female 47.48%; density of population is 2505 per sq km. Various establishments such as Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), CERDI, Seed Certifying Agency, Security Printing, Machine Tools Factory, Bangladesh Ordnance Factory, Diesel Plant, Bangladesh Institute of Technology (BIT), BRAC Dairy Farm, Cremation Ghat etc are located here.
Administration Gazipur district was established in 1984. It consists of 5 upazilas, 46 union parishads, 710 mouzas, 2 municipalities and 1163 villages. The upazilas are gazipur sadar, kaliakair, kaliganj, kapasia and sreepur.
Archaeological heritage Dholsamundra (the capital of the local Pala kings) at Boali, Toke Badshahi Mosque; Dighi and mazar at Chaura; old bridge (built by Meer Jumla) at Tangi, Bhawal Rajbari and the maths at Joydebpur.
Marks of the War of Liberation Mass killing site and mass grave: eastern side of the Joydebpur Rajbari, Sathkamair, Tongi Shaheed Smriti School compound and at Gachha; Memorial monument: ‘Jagrata Chaurangi’ at Joydebpur Chowrasta and the premises of the Joydebpur Rajbari.
Gazipur District Map
Population 2026244; male 51.77%, female 48.23%; Muslim 91.9%, Hindu 7.5%, Christian 0.4%, Others 0.2%,; ethnic nationals: Rajbangshi (Koch), Garo, Mandi, etc.
Religion institutions Mosque 2730, temple 143, church 12, mazar 4 and sacred place 6.
Literacy rate and educational institutions Average literacy 36, 25%; male 43.2% and female 29.3%. Educational institutions: university 3, technical institution 2, agricultural institution 4, government college 3, non-government college 19, madrasa 160, government secondary school 3, non-government secondary school 258, junior school 39, government primary school 532, non-government primary school 177, madrasa 108, primary training institute 1, scout training centre (Mouchak) 1, madrasa teacher’s training institute 1, tele-communication staff college 1, agricultural training institute 1.
Newspapers and periodicals Daily 1, periodical 5, journal 2.
Cultural organisations Club 200, public library 4, cinema hall 19, community centre 10, museum 3, theatre stage 1, theatre group 20, literary society 2, women’s cooperative society 89, Shilpakala academy 1, Shishu academy 1, women’s association 3.
Main occupations Agriculture 45.73%, agricultural labourer 11.73%, wage labourer 2.65%, commerce 10.85%, transport 2.79%, construction 1.1%, service 14.41%, others 10.74%.
Land use Total land under cultivation 125287.53 hectares, fallow land 16935.35 hectares; single crop 34.84%, double crop 50.76%, treble crop 14.40%, land under irrigation 41.18%.
Land control Landless 11.60%, marginal 38.80% intermediate 30.40%, and 19.20% rich.
Value of land The market value of land of first grade is Tk. 12500 to 25000 per 0.01 hectare.
Main crops Paddy, jute, mustard seed, sugarcane, chilli, arum, turmeric, ginger.
Extinct and nearly extinct crops Indigo, aus paddy and aman paddy.
Main fruits Jackfruit, pineapple, litchi, black berry, guava, mango, papaya, kamranga, palm, boroi, karamcha, wood apple, tamarind.
Fisheries, poultries and dairies Poultry 8511, dairy 114, fishery 646 and hatchery 7.
Communication facilities Roads: pucca 600 km, semi pucca 348 km, mud roads 2692 km, railways 86 km; waterways 146 nautical mile.
Traditional transport Duli, palanquin, country boat, horse carriage, bullock cart, Konda (a kind of boat made of palm tree). These means of transport (except country boat) are either extinct or nearly extinct.
Manufactories Aluminium factory, textile mill, pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics industry, machine tools factory, diesel plant, security printing press, ordnance factory, ceramics factory, packaging industry, brick field and garments industry, etc.
Cottage industries Weaving, goldsmith, blacksmith, potteries, bamboo and cane work, tailoring, bidi, nakshi kantha work, shital pati, wood work etc.
Hats, bazars and fairs Hats and bazars are 130; fairs 20.
Main exports Vegetables, fruits, medicine, cosmetics, cigarettes, aluminium products, ready made garments, mosquito coil, beverage (soft drinks) etc.
NGO activities brac, asa, Hunger, proshika, World Vision, ABC, Dialogue, Swanirvar Bangladesh (Self Reliant Bangladesh), Pidim etc.
Health centres District sadar hospital 1, upazila health complex 5, health and family welfare centres 30, private hospital 5, Ansar academy and ordnance factory hospital 2, union health centre 7, missionaries hospital 1, NGO run hospital 10. [Md. Farid Uddin Ahamad]
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Position of Mymensingh
The upazilas are bhaluka, dhobaura, fulbaria, gaffargaon, gauripur, haluaghat, ishwarganj, mymensingh sadar, muktagachha, nandail, phulpur, trishal;
Go to Mymensingh district
Mymensingh District (dhaka division) with an area of 4363.48 sq km, is bounded by Meghalaya State of India and Garo Hills on the north, gazipur district on the south, netrokona and kishoreganj districts on the east and sherpur, jamalpur and tangail districts on the west. The main river is Old Brahmaputra. Besides, there are small rivers, marsh, canals and forestry in the district. The soil formation of the district is flood plain, grey piedomont, hill brown and terrace. There are small valleys between the high forests; annual average temperature maximum 33.3°C, minimum 12°C; annual rainfall 2174 mm.
Mymengingh (Town) was earlier called Nasirabad. It stands on the bank of the Brahmaputra. It consists of 21 wards and 85 mahallas. The area of the town is 21.73 km. It has a population of 225811; male 51.91%, female 48.09%; density of population per sq km 10392 per sq km. Literacy rate among the town people is 60.4%.
Administration Mymensingh district was established in 1787. Later on it was divided into six districts viz. Tangail, Jamalpur, Mymensingh, Kishoreganj, Sherpur and Netrokona.
The district consists of 8 municipalities, 12 upazilas, 146 union parishads, 84 wards, 206 mahallas, 2201 mouzas and 2709 villages. The upazilas are bhaluka, dhobaura, fulbaria, gaffargaon, gauripur, haluaghat, ishwarganj, mymensingh sadar, muktagachha, nandail, phulpur, trishal; the municipalities are Bhaluka, Gaffargaon, Gauripur, Ishwarganj, Mymensingh Sadar, Nandail, Muktagachha and Trishal.
Archaeological relics and monuments Rajbaris of Gauripur and Muktagachha, Shashi Lodge, Musium, Durgabari, Kella Tajpur, Mymensingh Town Hall, Bokaynagar Fort, Alexandra Castle and Gospel Church.
Mymensingh District:Map
Historical events Fakir and Sannyasi revolt (1772-1790, flood (1787), famine (1788), earth quack (1897) and Swadeshi Movement (1905). Mymensingh possesses rich literary heritage recognized through the world. The mainmansingha gitika (ballads) collected and edited by Dr. Dinesh Chandra Sen represents a valuable treasure in the world literature and has been translated into English and French.
Marks of War of Liberation Mass grave: Dakbungalow Char of Mymensingh Sadar, Chakbazar, Jelkhana Char, river bank of Shambhuganj, Boror Char, Agricultural University compound, Rasulpur of Muktagachha.
Religious institutions Mosque 7392, temple 415, church 44; tomb 37.
Population 4439017; male 50.62%, female 49.38%; Muslim 94.73%, Hindu 4.25%, Christian 0.75%, Buddhist 0.06% and others 0.21%; ethnic nationals (0.89% of total population) Garo, Hajong, Koch and Hadi.
Literacy and educational institutions Among the literacy, 30.7% are male and 20% female. Educational institutions: agricultural university 1, medical college 2, homeo medical college 1, polytechnic institute 1, vocational institute 1, veterinary training institute 1, primary teacher’s training institute 1, teacher’s training institute 2, national institute of primary education 1, government college 5, non-government college 57, government high school 9, non-government high school 368, secondary school 129, madrasa 1212, government primary school 1249, non-government 794, kindergarten 33, NGO operated school 1065, art school 1.
Locally published newspapers and periodicals Dailies: Jahan, Insaf, Ajker Smriti, Swadesh Sangbad, Banglar Jamin and Shipa; weeklies: Mymensingh Barta, Ajker Muktagachha; extinct: Kumar, Basana (1306 BS), Abriti (1308 BS), Swadesh Sampad (1905), Bangalee (1874), Bigyapani (1866), Shikkha Saurav (1319 BS), weeekly Charumihir (1939), Pramadi (1875), Bharat Mihir (1875), Sanjibani (1878), Hafez Shakti (1924), Uttar Akash (1959), Ganavijan (1938), Aunirban (1963), Jagrata Bangla (1971).
Cultural organisations Club 437, public library 3, museum 1, drama stage 3, literary society 9, cinema hall 25, theatre group 17, drama stage 2, literary society 7, woman’s organisation 7.
Main occupations Agriculture 57.67%, commerce 8.15%, transport 15.66%, construction 2.13%, service 1.21%, others 15.18%.
Land use Total cultivation 346117 hectares; single crop 18.58%, double crop 70.20% and treble crop land 11.22%.
Value of land The market value of the land of the first grade is Tk 6000 per 0.01 hectare.
Main crops Paddy, jute, sugarcane, wheat, oil seed and pulse, betel leaf, karalla, sweet potato, turmeric, ginger, brinjal, cauliflower and chilli.
Extinct and nearly extinct crops Aus paddy, indigo, kaun, china, linseed.
Main fruits Jackfruit, banana, pineapple, papaya, kadbel, guava, boroi, amloki, palm, latko.
Fisheries, dairies, poultries Fishery 67, dairy 130, poultry 390 and livestock 143.
Communication facilities Roads: pucca 770 km, semi pucca 4062 km; waterways 365 nautical mile; railways 147 km.
Traditional transport Palanquin, horse carriage, bullock cart and buffalo cart. These means of transport are either extinct or nearly extinct.
Manufactories Dynamic Textile, K and K Textile, Saudi-Bangla Fish Feed Ltd, Shambhuganj Jute Mill and SDS Foundation Steel Factory.
Cottage industries Goldsmith, potteries, blacksmith, welding, bamboo and cane work, ironsmith, wood work, bidi factory, wood work etc.
Hats, bazars and fairs Total number of hats and bazars are 322.
Main exports Jute, paddy, oil seed, egg, banana, leather, milk products, jackfruit, chicken and chilli.
NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are brac, proshika, caritas, Gonoshahajjo Sangstha, asa, World Vision, Palli Unnayan Prayas, MCC, Gramous, Adarsha Samaj Sheba Samiti, Human Development Programme, Khagra Mohila Unnayan Samiti, NGO Forum, Sara and Sirak.
Health centres Hospital 2, upazila health complex 11, missionary hospital 1, homeo hospital 1, school health clinic 1, police hospital 1 and leprosy hospital 1. [Samar Pal]
Shipon at 8:40 PM No comments:

Position of Sunamganj
The upazilas are bishwamvarpur, chhatak, derai, dharmapasha, dowarabazar, jagannathpur, jamalganj, tahirpur, sullah and sunamganj sadar.
Go to Sunamganj district
Sunamganj District (sylhet division) with an area of 3669.58 sq km, is bounded by Khasia and Jaintia hills (India) on the north, habiganj and kishoreganj districts on the south, sylhet district on the east, netrokona and greater mymensingh districts on the west. Annual average temperature: maximum 33.2°C and minimum 13.6°C; annual rainfall 3334 mm. There are many haors and beels in Sunamganj.
Sunamganj (Town) stands on the bank of the river Surma. It was established in late 18th century. It consists of 9 wards and 44 mahallas. The town has an area of 22.16 sq km. It has a population of 49373; male 52.70%, female 47.30%; density of population is 2228 per sq km. Literacy rate among the town people is 58.8%. The town has five dakbungalows.
Administration Sunamganj mahakuma (sub-division) was upgraded to a district in 1984. This district consists of 10 upazilas, 4 municipalities, 36 wards, 139 mahallas, 82 union parishads, 1711 mouzas and 2813 villages. The upazilas are bishwamvarpur, chhatak, derai, dharmapasha, dowarabazar, jagannathpur, jamalganj, tahirpur, sullah and sunamganj sadar.
Archaeological heritage Bagbari Tila (Chhatak upazila), Selbarash Jami Mosque, Sukhair Kalibari Temple, Kahala Kalibari, Maheshkhala Kalibari (Dharmapasha upazila), remnants of the palace of Raja Bijoy Singh (16th century, Tahirpur upazila).
Historical events Nankar Rebellion of Sukhair in 1922-23 is notable. Many political leaders and activists of Sunamganj were involved in the anti-British movement. The leftist movement spread over the district after the partition of 1947. During the war of liberation many encounters were held between the freedom fighters and the Pak army; Sunamganj was liberated on 6 December 1971.
Sunamganj District:Map
In 1336 BS a devastating flood occurred as a result of breaking down a damn in Manipur. This flood is popularly known as ‘White Water Flood’. A pernicious earthquake on 12 June 1897 caused heavy loss of lives and establishments.
Marks of War of Liberation Mass killing site at Sreeramshi and Raniganj villages of Jagannathpur Upazila; mass grave and mass killing site at a place near the T&T Office of Derai Upazila; Sunamganj memorial; memorial plank with names of great martyrs engraved, memorial plank at Raniganj, Shikha Satera (Seventeen Flames) and the Central Memorial at Chhatak.
Population 1968669; male 50.89%, female 49.11%; Muslim 83.62%, Hindu 15.95%, others 0.43% ethnic nationals 6,643 (Manipuri, Khasia, Garo and Hajong).
Religious institutions Palash Jami Mosque (Bishwamvarpur upazila), Makhraj Mosque, tomb of Baba Shah, temple of Jagannath Jeou (Derai upazila), Maddianagar Mosque, Selbarash Jami Mosque, Dharmapasha Jami Mosque, tomb of Nangta (nude) Pir, Kahala Kalibari, Maheshkhala Kali Mandir, Sukhair Kali Mandir (Dharmapasha upazila), Ikardai Jami Mosque, Vasudev Mandir (Jagannathpur upazila), Sreehail Sabbari Jami Mosque, Sree Sree Ramkrishna Gosai Akhra (1750), Bahra Sumeshwari Mandir (Sullah upazila), Pagla Jami Mosque, Patharia Baishnab Akhra (Sunamganj Sadar upazila), Tahirpur Jami Mosque, Badamghata Jami Mosque, mazar of Shah Arifin Saheb are notable.
Literacy and educational institutions Average literacy 22.3%; male 27.5%, female 17.6%. Educational institutions: college 22, secondary school 126, primary school (government) 664, primary school (private) 312, madrasa 104, satellite school 94, community school 56, technical institute 2, PTI 1, music school 5.
Newspapers and periodicals Weekly Grambanglar Katha, Weekly Shajan, Weekly Sunamganj Sangbad, Weekly Sunamganj Barta, Weekly Sunamganj, Weekly Vati Bangla, Daily Haor Barta, Weekly Aunal; periodicals-Dishari (1993), Khudrapat Rudrapran (1998), Sreetir Olinde (1998), Arunadaiy and Haorer Dheow; extinct: Surma (sixties), Suchayan, Prattayan, Sanko, Weekly Jamalganjer Dak, Weekly Jamalganj Parikkrama, Weekly Sunam, Weekly Din Jai, Weekly Sunamganjer Kagoj.
Cultural organisations Club 10, rural club 363, public library 10, cinema hall 13, cultural organisation (theatre and music) 38, theatre stage 4, jatra party 4, literary society 7, women’s organisation 113, Shilpakala Academy 1, Shishu Academy 1, playground 58, stadium 1.
Main occupations Agriculture 43.43%, fishing 3.34%, agricultural labourer 24.10%, wage labourer 5.58%, commerce 7.44%, service 3.8%, others 12.31%.
Land use Arable land 294021 hectares, fallow land 51752 hectares.
Land control Among the peasants, 33% are landless, 26% small, 21% intermediate and 20% rich.
Value of land Market value of first grade arable land is about Tk 5000 to 7,500 per 0.01 hectare.
Main crops Boro paddy.
Main fruits Mango, orange.
Fisheries, dairies, poultries Fishery 604, dairy 105, poultry 697, hatchery 6.
Communication facilities Roads: pucca 150 km, semi pucca 52 km and mud road 2279 km; railways 20 km; waterways 98 nautical mile.
Traditional transport Palanquin, bullock cart. These means of transport are extinct or nearly extinct.
Manufactories Chhatak Cement Factory (1940), Chhatak Pulp and Paper Mills (1959) are most notable; other manufactories include flour mill, ice factory, rice mill, saw mill, cold storage and fish processing, printing presses.
Cottage industries Weaving. goldsmith, blacksmith, potteries, bamboo & cane work, pearl work, tailoring, welding.
Mineral resources Natural gas, limestone and stone.
Hats, bazars and fairs Hats and bazars are 193, fair 24.
Main exports Paddy, fish, dry fish, orange, limestone, cement, paper pulp.
NGO activities brac, grameen bank, asa, proshika, Shova, Masjid Mission, BARD, Shawnirvar Bangladesh, BAOPA, CNRS, Vision 2000, CARE, HEED Bangladesh.
Health centres Upazila health centre 8, hospital (government and private) 23, health & family welfare centre 6, family planning centre 31, satellite clinic 9, charitable dispensary 15. TB clinic 2 (operated by BRAC) and leprosy treatment centre 2 (operated by HEED Bangladesh). [Ashfaq Hossain]
Shipon at 8:37 PM No comments:

Position of Maulvi Bazar
The upazilas are barlekha, kamalganj, kulaura, maulvi bazar sadar, rajnagar and sreemangal.
Go to Maulvi bazar district
Maulvi Bazar District (sylhet division) with an area of 2799.39 sq km, is bounded by sylhet district on the north, Tripura state of India on the south, Assam and Tripura states of India on the east, and habiganj district on the west. Main rivers are manu, Dhalai, Juri, Gopala, etc; noted depressions: Hakaluki, Hail and Kawadighi Haors. Annual temperature: maximum 33.2°C, minimum 13.6°C; annual rainfall 3334 mm. The total forest area is 413.65 sq km (about 15% of the total area of the district); noted forest ranges are Patharia, Sanrer Gaz or Longla, Rajkandi and Vanugachh.
Maulvi Bazar (Town) stands on the bank of the River Manu. It consists of 9 wards and 47 mahallas. It has an area of 10.36 sq km; population 41358; male 54.97%, female 45.03%; density of population is 3992 per sq km. Literacy rate among the town people is 56.7%. Maulvi Bazar Municipality was established in 1930. The town has one Circuit House and one Rest House; Pashchim Bazar and Chowmuhana are the main commercial centres.
Administration Maulvi Bazar subdivision was established in 1960 and was turned into a district in 1984. It consists of 6 upazilas, 4 municipalities, 36 wards and 123 mahallas, 66 union parishads, 876 mouzas, 2030 villages. The upazilas are barlekha, kamalganj, kulaura, maulvi bazar sadar, rajnagar and sreemangal.
Archaeological heritage Khoja Mosque of Laghati village in Dasher Bazar (Barlekha, 16th century), Madhab Mandir located near the Madhabkunda water fall, Rangirkul Viddyashram (established in the first quarter of 19th century, Kulaura upazila), Nawab Bari of Pritthim Pasha (first quarter of 18th century), Khoja Mosque (14th century, Goiyghar), the temple of Agnian Thakur, Nirmmai Shib-Bari (1454, Gaiyebi Eter Masjid at the premises of the tomb of Kazi Khandker (R), Persian manuscripts of Firoz Shah Tuglak’s period (1330 AD), statue of Ananta Naraiyan (11th century, preserved in the Calcutta Museum).
Maulvi bazar District:Map
Historical events A battle between the great Pathan warrior Khawasa Osman and Raja Subidha Narayan was fought in 1595 at Rajnagar. During the sepoy revolt, in 1857 some 300 sepoys looted the Chittagong Treasury and took shelter to Gaus Ali Khan, zamindar of Pritthim Pasha. The physiography of the region was seriously changed due to the earthquake of 12 July 1897. In 1921 Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, Maulana Hossain Ahmed Madani and Sarojani Naidu attended the Khilafat Conference and inspired people to join the anti British movement. At that time, Purnendu Kishore Sengupta established the Viddia Aashram at Rangirkul of Kulaura. Beside these, the nankar movement in 1931-32 and Haor Karaiya Movement in 1968-69 are noted historical events of Maulvi Bazar. A movement, known as Vanubal Peasant Movement, lead by Panchanan Singh, Kasem Ali, Baikuntha Shawrma and Themba Singh was occurred in 1307 BS. During the war of liberation in 1971 many sanguinary battles took place at Shamshernagar, Sherpur and other places. Martyr Birsrestha Sipoy mohammad hamidur rahman was killed at village Aambasa (a border-side village of Kamalganj).
Marks of War of Liberation Mass killing site 6, mass grave 9, memorial 6; North Bharaura (Sreemangal), Kulaura Hospital and Nabinchandra High School were used as torturing centres.
Religious institutions Mosque 1935, temple 419, church and pagoda 57, sacred place 2, mazar 16.
Population 1604028; male 50.11%, female 49.89%; Muslim 70.59%, Hindu 28.31%, Christian 0.92%, Buddhist 0.04%, others 0.14%. Ethnic nationals: Manipuri, Khasi, Tripura, Halam; of these group have their own languages.
Literacy and educational institutions Average literacy 30.8%; male 36.8%, female 24.6%. Educational institutions: college 21, secondary school 123, primary school 1078, madrasa 108, co operative institute 1, youth training centre 1, nursing institute 1, vocational training institute 1, Tea Research Institute 1, horticulture research institute 1, primary training institute 1, education project for the blinds (government) 1.
Newspapers and periodicals Daily Maulvi Bazar, Daily Banglar Din, Daily Khola Chithi; weeklies: Patakunrir Desh, Manu Varta, Janaprattasha, Muktakatha, Manb Thikana, Hefazat-e-Islam, Maulvi Bazar Darpan, Al Insan, Sreemangaler Chithi, Sree Bani, Pubali Varta, Sree Vhumi, Joy Varta, Kulaurar Dak, Rajkantha; fortnightly: The Sylhet Today, Banhi Shikha; Monthly: Dur Diganta, Sree Gaurban;. extinct: Monthly Tabligul Islam and Monthly Tanjimul Muslemin (1924), Sreehatta Vraman-Paridarshan (1930), Weekly Avijan (1935), Monthly Christian Jagat (1935), Quarterly Brati (1936), Weekly Nakib (1937), Abahani (1939), Weekly Agradut (1960), Monthly Bonna (1970), Weekly Biplavi Bangla (1972), Weekly Muktabarta (1972), Weekly Fariad (1987).
Cultural organisations Club 156, cinema hall 10, public library 9, community centre 10, jatra party 4, social welfare organisation 207, shishu sadan (Children’s home) 14, shishu academy 1, shilpakala academy 1.
Main occupations Agriculture 31.21%, fishing 2.6%, industry 3.61%, transport 1.66%, agricultural labourer 15.01%, wage labourer 10.58%, commerce 9.12%, service 9.73% and others 16.48%. Many people of this district are working in UK, USA, Middle East and other countries of the world.
Land use Arable land 175229 hectares; single cropping 32.92%, double crop 58.58% and triple crop 8.50%; tea gardens 291.26 sq km; land under irrigation 160.77 sq km.
Land control Among the peasants 16.99% are landless, 20.63% marginal, 36.60% small, 20.10% intermediate and 5.68% rich.
Value of land The market value of land is around Tk 40000 per 0.01 hectare.
Main crops Aush, aman and boro paddy, arum, til (sesame), tea, rubber, betel leaf, betel nut.
Extinct and nearly extinct crops Local variety of rice, linseed, kaun (Italian millet), arhar (a type of gram), yam, jute.
Main fruits Pineapple, jackfruit, litchi, lemon, orange, shaddock (Jambura / Batabi Lebu), satkara, kamranga.
Fisheries, dairies, poultries Dairy 120, poultry 126, fishery 128, hatchery 13.
Communication facilities Roads: pucca 832.28 km, mud road 3610.44 km; rail station 18, railway junction 1; airport 1 (Shamshernagar, now abandon); riverport 1 (Sherpur).
Traditional transport Country boat, palanquin (either).
Manufactories Among the 153 tea gardens of the country 90 are situated in this district; these tea gardens produce about 64% of the national tea production.
Cottage industries Agarbati and attar (essence of flowers) of Baralekha are exported to Middle East and Fareast countries; other most notable cottage industries Manipuri weaving, bamboo and cane work, shital pati etc; total number of small and cottage industries is about 5500.
Mineral resources coal, glass sand and lignite have been found in Maulvi Bazar and Patharia. There is possibility of exploring petroleum and natural gas. Exploitation of natural gas is very much hampered due to the blowouts in Magurchhara Gas Field.
Hats, bazars and fairs Hats and bazars are 159, fair 10.
Main exports tea, vegetables, satkara, lemon, naga chilli, glass sand.
NGO activities CARE, brac, asa, caritas, Unnaiyan Sahaiyak Sangsta (USS), FIVDB, Sahaiyata, AUS, Janakollan Kendra, Meristops, PAUK, Nari Pragati, Agragami Mahila Samiti, Pratishruti.
Health centres District sadar hospital 1, upazila health centre 6, satellite clinic 14, union and rural health centre 20, family welfare centre 37, maternity and child care centre 1, 50-bed hospital 1, TB clinic 1, eye hospital 1, missionary hospital 4, diabetic hospital 1, police hospital 1, under 5 Clinic 1, prison hospital 1, charitable dispensary 9. [Shah Abdul Wadud]
Shipon at 8:33 PM No comments:

Position of Habiganj
The upazilas are ajmiriganj, baniachang, bahubal, chunarughat, habiganj sadar, lakhai, madhabpur and nabiganj.
Go to Habiganj district
Habiganj District (sylhet division) with an area of 2636.58 sq km, is bounded by sunamganj district on the north, Tripura State of India on the south, maulvi bazar and sylhet districts on the east, brahmanbaria and kishoreganjdistricts on the west. Annual average temperature maximum 33.2°C, minimum 13.6°C. Total rainfall 3334 mm. Noted rivers are Khowai, Sutang, Korangi, Kalni, Kushiyara, Gopala, Ratna, Barak.
Habiganj (Town) consists of 9 wards and 64 mahallas. It has an area of 20.60 sq km. The town has a population of 54178; male 52.59%, female 47.41%. Literacy rate among the town people is 59.9%. Habiganj Town Committee was established in 1881 and it was turned into a municipality in 1913. During the British period an embankment was constructed along the Khoai to protect the town. The main business centre of the town is Chowdhury Bazar. The town has one dakbungalow.
Administration Habiganj subdivision was established in 1874 under sylhet district and was turned into a district in 1984. It consists of 4 municipality, 36 wards, 124 mahallas, 8 upazilas, 77 union parishads, 1241 mouzas and 2093 villages. The upazilas are ajmiriganj, baniachang, bahubal, chunarughat, habiganj sadar, lakhai, madhabpur and nabiganj.
Historical events On 4 April 1971 Col. Ataul Ghani Osmany (supreme commander of the War of Liberation) and some officers of the 2nd and 4th East Bengal Regiment assembled in the Teliapara Tea Garden Dakbungalow to discuss war situation.
Population 1757331; male 49.94%, female 50.06%; Muslim 80.23%, Hindu 19.12%, Buddhist 0.05%, Christian 0.13% and others 0.47%; ethnic nationals include Khasia and Manipuri.
Habiganj District:Map
Religious institutions Mosque 1385, temple 176, church 2, tomb 46.
Literacy and educational institutions Average literacy 22.51%; male 27.86% and female 17.01%. Educational institutions: medical college 1, polytechnic institute 1, college 14, government high school 8, non-government high school 87, junior school 14, government primary school 1411, non-government primary school 233, madrasa 96, satellite school 6.
Cultural organisations Club 131, public library 10, library 5, theatre group 12, literary society 6, women’s society 7, cinema hall 13.
Locally published newspapers and periodicals Daily Pravakar, Pratidener Bani, weekly Swadhikar, Swadeshbarta, Drishtikon, Khoai, Hobiganj Samachar, Janatar Dalil, Parikrama, fortnightly Prayas and Mritika; extinct: monthly Moitri (1909), weekly Projapati (1909), Sree Sree Sonar Gauranga (1329 BS), Palli Bani (1940), weekly Shahid (1948), weekly Jagaran (1955), monthly Avijatrik (1966).
Main occupations Agriculture 42.26%, agricultural labourer 20.55%, wage labourer 6.45%, commerce 8.2%, service 4.69%, industry 1.7%, fishing 2.73% and others 13.42%.
Land use Total cultivable land 25299.3 hectares; fallow land 520.53 hectares; single crop 51.6%, double crop 38.7% and treble crop land 9.7%; tea garden 22, rubber plantation 2.
Main crops Paddy, tea, wheat, potato, jute, ground nut, betel leaf and oil seed.
Extinct or nearly extinct crops Varieties of local paddy.
Main fruits Mango, jackfruit, banana, litchi, coconut, lemon, pineapple and black berry.
Fisheries, dairies, poultries Dairy 148, poultry 739 and fishery 638.
Communication facilities Roads: pucca 321 km, semi pucca 205 km and mud road 1592 km; railways 107 km.
Traditional transport Palanquin, Gaina boat and bullock cart. These means of transport are either extinct or nearly extinct.
Manufactories Textile mill, umbrella factory, flour mill, rice mill, ice factory, soap factory, dry fish processing centre, biscuit factory.
Cottage industries Weaving, bamboo work, goldsmith, blacksmith, potteries, tailoring and welding, shital pati making.
Mineral resources Natural gas.
Hats, bazars and fairs Hats and bazars are 126, fair 23.
Main exports Paddy, tea, betel leaf, date molasses and forest and bamboo goods.
NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are brac, caritas, ccdb, Nijera Kari, asa.
Health centres Zila sadar hospital 1, upazila health complex 10, union health and family planning centre 28, satellite clinic 1 and maternity 31 and veterinary hospital. [Jayanta Sing Roy]
Shipon at 7:19 PM No comments:

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০১ মে, ২০১৬ ইং ০০:০০ মিঃ

বাংলাদেশের টেলিযোগাযোগ ব্যবস্থার ক্রমবর্ধমান উন্নয়নের সাথে সাথে টেলিযোগাযোগ অপারেটরের নানাবিধ সেবা ব্যবহারকারীর সংখ্যা যেমন বেড়েছে, তেমনি অপারেটরদের সেবা সংক্রান্ত বিভিন্ন বিষয়েও গ্রাহকদের অভিযোগের সংখ্যা বেড়েছে। গ্রাহকদের এসব অভিযোগ গ্রহণের জন্য প্রত্যেক মোবাইল অপারেটরের কাস্টমার কেয়ার রয়েছে এবং গ্রাহকদের বিভিন্ন অভিযোগ নিষ্পত্তি করার জন্য তাদের সিস্টেমে যথাযথ ব্যবস্থাও আছে। কিন্তু কিছু সেবা বা সমস্যা রয়েছে যা সরাসরি অপারেটরের সাথে সংশ্লিষ্ট নয়। এর মধ্যে অন্যতম হলো বিভিন্ন সামাজিক যোগাযোগ মাধ্যম। সাম্প্রতিককালে ইন্টারনেট এবং স্মার্টফোনের প্রসারের কারণে এসব সামাজিক মাধ্যমে মানুষের বিভিন্ন কার্যক্রম বৃদ্ধি পেয়েছে এবং সেইসাথে এসব সামাজিক যোগাযোগ মাধ্যমে বিভিন্ন অপরাধমূলক কর্মকাণ্ডের পরিমাণও বেড়েছে। এ ধরনের বিভিন্ন অভিযোগও জমা পড়ছে এ খাতের নিয়ন্ত্রক সংস্থা বাংলাদেশ টেলিযোগাযোগ নিয়ন্ত্রক সংস্থা (বিটিআরসি)-এর কাছে। এর পাশাপাশি বিভিন্ন পরামর্শের জন্যও অনেকে শরণাপন্ন হচ্ছেন সংস্থাটির কাছে। তবে সেবাদানকারী প্রতিষ্ঠানকে অভিযোগ করে কোনো প্রতিকার না পেলে তা এই নিয়ন্ত্রক সংস্থাকে জানানোর জানানোর জন্য রয়েছে বিভিন্ন মাধ্যম। এ বিষয়ে কাজ করছে বিটিআরসি’র অভিযোগ ব্যবস্থাপনা টাস্কফোর্স। বর্তমানে ইমেইল, ডাক, মোবাইল ফোন, শর্ট কোড এবং ওয়েব বক্সের মাধ্যমে বিভিন্ন অভিযোগ গ্রহণ করছে টাস্কফোর্স। বিটিআরসি’র তথ্য অনুযায়ী, অভিযোগের প্রকৃতি অনুযায়ী একজন গ্রাহককে প্রয়োজনীয় সমাধান দেওয়া হয়ে থাকে। বিভিন্ন অভিযোগের মধ্যে বেশি অভিযোগ পাওয়া যায় সিম বন্ধ, সিম রেজিস্ট্রেশন, ফেসবুক, মোবাইল প্যাকেজ প্রভৃতি। এক সংবাদ বিজ্ঞপ্তিতে বিটিআরসি জানিয়েছে, ২০১৫ সালের জুলাই থেকে চলতি বছরের ফেব্রুয়ারি পর্যন্ত টাস্কফোর্সে মোট এক হাজার ৩৩৮টি অভিযোগ জমা পড়েছে। এর মধ্যে টাস্কফোর্স কর্তৃক সমাধান হয়েছে এক হাজার ১৭৪টি অভিযোগ।                                               

বিজ্ঞান ও প্রযুক্তি

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স্মার্টফোন ব্যবহারকারীর নিরাপত্তার জন্য
৩০/০৪/২০১৬ ১১:০৪ পি. এম.
জার্মানির অগসবুর্গ ও কোলনের কয়েক জায়গায় পরীক্ষামূলকভাবে রাস্তায় ট্রাফিক লাইট বসানো হয়েছে। স্মার্টফোন ব্যবহারকারীদের সুবিধার্থে চালু করা হয়েছে এই অভিনব ব্যবস্থা। ফলে ট্রাফিক লাইট দেখতে এখন আর ওপরে তাকানোর প্রয়োজন হবে না।

স্মার্টফোনের দিকে চোখ থাকলেও রাস্তার গায়ে বসানো লাইটের দিকেও দৃষ্টি যাবে। মিউনিখ শহরে সম্প্রতি ১৫ বছরের একটি মেয়ে স্মার্টফোন ব্যবহারের সময় রাস্তা পার হতে গিয়ে ট্রামের ধাক্কায় মারা যাওয়ার পর ফোন ব্যবহারকারীদের নিরাপত্তা নিয়ে নতুন করে চিন্তাভাবনা শুরু হয়। সম্প্রতি ইউরোপের কয়েকটি শহরে পরিচালিত এক সমীক্ষায় দেখা গেছে ২০ শতাংশ পথচারী রাস্তা পারাপারের সময় স্মার্টফোনের কারণে অন্যমনস্ক অবস্থায় থাকে। সমীক্ষায় দেখা গেছে, ২৫ থেকে ৩৫ বছর বয়সী জনগোষ্ঠী রাস্তা পারাপারের সময় মোবাইল ফোন ব্যবহার করে এবং তাদের প্রায় এক-চতুর্থাংশ এ সময় অমনোযোগী অবস্থায় থাকে।

জার্মান ভাষায় সর্বশেষ সংযোজিত শব্দগুলোর একটি হলো ‘ম্মোমবি’। গত নবেম্বর থেকে জার্মান ভাষায় ব্যবহৃত হচ্ছে। এটি হলো স্মার্টফোন ও জোম্বি শব্দের মিলিত রূপ। স্মার্টফোন ব্যবহারকারীরা রাস্তাঘাটে চলাফেরা করার সময় অসতর্ক অবস্থায় থাকে। এর ফলে অনেক সময়ই তারা দুর্ঘটনার শিকার হয়। স্মার্টফোন ব্যবহারকারীদের স্বার্থে এটি করা হলেও অনেকে একে অর্থের অপচয় হিসেবেই দেখছে। তারা মনে করে, এগুলো করদাতাদের দেয়া অর্থের অপচয়।-গার্ডিয়ান

বেলাশেষে নিউজ ডেস্কটপ

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মোবাইলের সিম নিবন্ধনের সময় এক মাস বাড়ল
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৩০/০৪/২০১৬ ১১:০৪ পি. এম. মোড়ল মোঃইলিয়াস হুসাইন

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॥ বায়োমেট্রিক পদ্ধতিতে মোবাইল ফোনের সিম পুনর্নিবন্ধনের সময়সীমা এক মাস বাড়িয়েছে সরকার। নতুন সময়সীমায় আগামী ৩১ মে রাত ১২টা পর্যন্ত সিম পুনর্নিবন্ধন করা যাবে। এরপর যেসব সিমের পুনর্নিবন্ধন হবে না, সেগুলো বন্ধ করে দেয়া হবে। বাড়তি সময়সীমার পর আর কোন সময় দেয়া হবে না। শনিবার বিটিআরসিতে আয়োজিত সংবাদ সম্মেলনে ডাক ও টেলিযোগাযোগ প্রতিমন্ত্রী তারানা হালিম এ কথা বলেন।

প্রতিমন্ত্রী বলেন, নানা কারণে কয়েক কোটি সিম রিম অনিবন্ধিত থাকায় বিভিন্ন মহলের দাবির প্রেক্ষিতে আরও এক মাসের সময় বাড়ানো হলো। এই বাড়তি সময়ের মধ্যেই সিম, রিম নিবন্ধন করতে হবে। এরপর আর কোন সময় বাড়ানো হবে না। অপরাধ কাজে সিমের ব্যবহার এত বেশি পরিমাণ বেড়েছিল যে সিম রিম পুনর্নিবন্ধনের প্রয়োজনীয়তা দেখা দিয়েছিল। অপরাধ কাজে সিমের ব্যবহার এখন অনেকাংশে কমে গেছে। গত বছরের ১৬ ডিসেম্বর থেকে আঙুলের ছাপ নিয়ে মোবাইল সিম পুনর্নিবন্ধন প্রক্রিয়া শুরু করা হয়, যার সময়সীমা ছিল ৩০ এপ্রিল পর্যন্ত। কিন্তু কয়েক কোটি সিম নিবন্ধনের বাইরে থাকার কারণে এবং জনগণের সুবিধার জন্যে এক মাস সময় দেয়া হলো। এই সময়কে কাজে লাগানোর জন্য প্রতিমন্ত্রী সবাইকে অনুরোধ জানান। শেষ মুহূর্তে এসে যেন কাস্টমার কেয়ার, রিটেইলার ও এজেন্টদের কাছে ভিড় না জমান। তারা যেন বাড়তি সময়ের মধ্যে তাদের সিম, রিম নিবন্ধন করে নেন। মোবাইল অপারেটরদের তথ্য অনুযায়ী শেষ দিন শনিবার পর্যন্ত ৮ কোটি ৩৮ লাখ সিম, রিম বায়োমেট্রিক পদ্ধতিতে পুনর্নিবন্ধিত হয়েছে। এ যাবত অপারেটররা ১৩ কোটি মোবাইল সিম বিক্রি করেছে। এ হিসেবে এখনও প্রায় ৫ কোটি সিম নিবন্ধন হয়নি। ৫ কোটি সিম রিম নিবন্ধনে এই সময় যথেষ্ট বলে প্রতিমন্ত্রী উল্লেখ করেন।

সংবাদ সম্মেলনে তারানা বলেন, ৩১ মে রাত ১২টার মধ্যে যদি কেউ সিম নিবন্ধন না করেন তাহলে কোন সতর্কসঙ্কেত ছাড়াই আমরা সম্পূর্ণভাবে সিমটি ডি-এ্যাকটিভ করে দেব। এখনও যারা সিম নিবন্ধন করেননি, তাদের পুনর্নিবন্ধনের জন্য সতর্কবার্তাও দেয়া হবে। তার আগে বায়োমেট্রিক পদ্ধতিতে অনিবন্ধিত কিছু সিম ১ মে থেকে ৩১ মে পর্যন্ত সময়ের মধ্যে এক বারের জন্য তিন ঘণ্টা বন্ধ রাখা হবে। যাতে গ্রাহক বুঝতে পারেন তার সিমটি নিবন্ধন করতে হবে। ৩১ মে রাত ১২টার পর যে সিমগুলো বন্ধ হয়ে যাবে পরবর্তী ১৫ মাসের জন্য সেগুলোর বিক্রি স্থগিত থাকবে। তবে বিদেশে বসবাসরত নাগরিকদের জন্য, শান্তিরক্ষা মিশন ও বিদেশে যারা চাকরি করেন তাদের নিবন্ধনের সুযোগ থাকবে দেড় বছর। তাদের সিম বা নম্বর কারও কাছে বিক্রি করা যাবে না।

এদিকে শেষ দিনে সিম নিবন্ধনে কারিগরি সমস্যার কথা স্বীকার করে প্রতিমন্ত্রী বলেন, শেষ দিনে এত বিপুল সংখ্যক গ্রাহক সিম নিবন্ধন করতে গিয়েছিলেন যে অপারেটরদের সার্ভারে সমস্যা দেখা দেয়। এক সঙ্গে এত লোড নিতে পারছিল না সার্ভারগুলো। যদিও অপারেটররা দোষ দিয়েছে এনআইডি সার্ভারের। এনআইডি সার্ভারের কোন সমস্যা নেই। এখানে মূলত ইন্টারনেট ব্যান্ডউইথের গতি কমে গিয়েছিল। তাই সাময়িক অসুবিধায় পড়তে হয়েছিল গ্রাহকদের। শুক্র ও শনিবার ছুটির দিন বলে মানুষ কেন্দ্রগুলোতে ভিড় জমায়। এই গরমে কষ্ট স্বীকার করে যারা সিম নিবন্ধন করেছেন তাদের আমি ধন্যবাদ জানাই। আমি নিজেও শুক্র ও শনিবার বাসায় না থেকে জনগণের জন্য কাজ করে যাচ্ছি।

"বেলা শেষে" দিঘলিয়া, খুলনা।